Molecular pathology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying disease. It involves the analysis of biomarkers, genetic mutations, and cellular changes at the molecular level to understand the development, progression, and treatment of diseases. Molecular pathology is widely used in fields such as cancer diagnostics, infectious disease detection, genetic disorders, and personalized medicine. Scientists and researchers in this field use various techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), next-generation sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), to study the molecular basis of diseases and develop targeted therapies.